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Paediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorder associated with group A Streptococcus (PANDAS), is a condition seen in the paediatric population consisting of tics or obsessive compulsive disorder exacerbated or brought on by a common bacterial infection called Group A streptococcus (GAS). This infection may initially present with a sore throat or chest infection with the subsequent onset […]

If your child has been diagnosed with PANDAS and is experiencing a flare, we would recommend following these steps. Flares happen because the immune system is stimulated. This can happen with exposure to common infections such as chicken pox, glandular fever, influenza and the common cold amongst others. Start your child on a 5 day […]

Haloperidol is an anti-psychotic medication that is used to treat motor and vocal tics in children with Tourette’s syndrome between 10 and 17 years of age, schizophrenia in children between 13 & 17 years and persisitent or severe aggression in children between 6 & 17 years of age with autism or pervasive development disorders. Haloperidol […]

Risperidone is a dopamine D2, 5-HT2A, alpha1-adrenoceptor, and histamine-1 receptor antagonist that has been used in the treatment of schizophrenia, acute and chronic psychosis, mania and also Tourette’s syndrome, autism, ADHD and learning disability. Common or very common side effects include: Agitation; amenorrhoea; arrhythmias; constipation; dizziness; drowsiness; dry mouth; erectile dysfunction; fatigue; galactorrhoea; gynaecomastia; hyperglycaemia; hyperprolactinaemia; […]

Guanfacine is a first line agent used for the treatment of tics in conditions such as Tourette’s syndrome and chronic tic disorders. Guanfacine is an Alpha 2 Adrenoceptor agonist that has also been used to treat conditions such as ADHD. It is suitable to treat children and adolescents 6-17 years of age in whom a […]

Clonidine Hydrochloride (Clonidine) is an anti-hypertensive drug that works by stimulating alpha-adrenoceptor 2 receptors and which has also been used to control tics in children with conditions such as Tourette’s syndrome and to treat patients with ADHD. Clonidine works on a pathway different to dopamine and along with guanfacine is now considered a first choice […]