Published Evidence
A selection of research papers relevant to PANDAS & PANS
| 1. Abbasi SH, Hosseini F, Modabbernia A, Ashrafi M, Akhondzadeh S: Effect of celecoxib add-on treatment on symptoms and serum IL-6 concentrations in patients with major depressive disorder: Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study. J Affect Disord 141:308–314, 2012.
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| 2. Alexander AA, Patel NJ, Southammakosane CA, Mortensen MM: Pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections (PANDAS): An indication for tonsillectomy. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 75:872–873, 2011.
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| 3. Ali SR, McDevitt H: Question 1: Does vitamin D supplementation prevent acute lower respiratory tract infections in children? Arch Dis Child 100:892–895, 2015.
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| 4. Allen AJ, Leonard HL, Swedo SE: Case study: A new infection triggered, autoimmune subtype of pediatric OCD and Tourette’s syndrome. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 34:307–311, 1995.
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| 5. Altenburg J, De Graaff CS, Van Der Werf TS, Boersma WG: Immunomodulatory effects of macrolide antibiotics – Part 1: Biological mechanisms. Respiration 81:67–74, 2010a.
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| 6. Al-Zaidy SA, MacGregor D, Mahant S, Richardson SE, Bitnun A: Neurological complications of PCR-Proven M. pneumoniae Infections in Children: Prodromal illness duration may reflect pathogenetic mechanism. Clin Infect Dis 61:1092–1098, 2015.
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| 7. American Academy of Pediatrics: Group A streptococcal infections. In: Red Book. Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases, 2015a. Elk Grove Village, IL: American Academy of Pediatrics. |
| 8. American Academy of Pediatrics: Mycoplasma pneumoniae and other Mycoplasma species infections. In: Red Book. Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases, 2015b.
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| 9. Antico A, Tampoia M, Tozzoli R, Bizzaro N. Can supplementation with vitamin D reduce the risk or modify the course of autoimmune diseases? A systematic review of the literature. Autoimmun Rev 12:127–36, 2012.
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| 10. Arabzadeh S, Ameli N, Zeinoddini A, Rezaei F, Farokhnia M, Mohammadinejad P, Ghaleiha A, Akhondzadeh S: Celecoxib adjunctive therapy for acute bipolar mania: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Bipolar Disord 17:606–614, 2015.
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| 11. Aron, A.M., Freeman, J.M., Carter, S., 1965. The natural history of sydenham’s chorea. review of the literature and long-term evaluation with emphasis on cardiac sequelae. The Am. J. Med. 38 (January), 83–95 PubMed PMID: 14247294; Eng.
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| 12. Ayaydin, H., Abali, O., 2010. Early antibiotic treatment in a child with PANDAS: a case report. Noropsikiyatri Arsivi 47 (2), 169–170. http://dx.doi.org/10.4274/npa.5424.
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| 13. Ayoub E, Wannamaker L: Evaluation of the streptococcal desoxyribonuclease B and diphosphopyridine nucleotidase antibody tests in acute rheumatic fever and acute glomerulonephritis. Pediatrics 29:527–538, 1962.
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| 14. Bale JF, Jr: Virus and immune-mediated encephalitides: epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Pediatr Neurol 53:3–12, 2015.
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| 15. Barash J, Margalith D, Matitiau A: Corticosteroid treatment in patients with Sydenham’s chorea. Pediatr Neurol 32:205–207, 2005.
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| 16. Batuecas Caletrío, Á, Sánchez González, F., Santa Cruz Ruiz, S., et al., 2008. PANDAS syndrome: A new tonsillectomy indication? Acta Otorrinolaringol. Esp. 59 (7), 362–363. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0001-6519(08)75557-2.
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| 17. Baugh RF, Archer SM, Mitchell RB, Rosenfeld RM, Amin R, Burns JJ, Darrow DH, Giordano T, Litman RS, Li KK, Mannix ME, Schwartz RH, Setzen G, Wald ER, Wall E, Sandberg G, Patel MM; American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Foundation: Clinical practice guideline: Tonsillectomy in children. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 144:S1–S30, 2011.
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| 18. Baytunca, M.B., Donuk, T., Erermis, S., 2016. Evaluation of a neuropsychiatric disorder: from PANDAS to PANS and CANS. Turk. Psikiyatri Derg 27 (Summer (2)) PubMed PMID: 27370066.
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| 19. Becker, K., Holtmann, M., El-Faddagh, M., et al., 2004. Separation anxiety triggered by atypical neuroleptic medication in an adolescent with Tourette’s syndrome. Clinical Child Psychology Psychiatry. 9 (4), 597–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359104504046163.
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| 20. Bejerot, S., Bruno, K., Gerland, G., et al., 2013. Misstänk PANDAS hos barn med akuta neuropsykiatriska symtom infektion bakom sjukdomen – Långvarig antibiotikabehandling bör övervägas. Lakartidningen 110 (41), 1803.
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| 21. Berman SM, Kuczenski R, McCracken JT, London ED: Potential adverse effects of amphetamine treatment on brain and behavior: A review. Mol Psychiatry 14:123–142, 2009.
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| 22. Beşiroǧlu, L., Aǧargün, M.Y., Ozbebit, O., et al., 2007. Therapeutic response to plasmapheresis in four cases with obsessive-compulsive disorder and tic disorder triggered by streptococcal infections. Türk psikiyatri dergisi Turk. J. Psychiatry 18 (3), 270–276.
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| 23. Bharath V, Eckert K, Kang M, Chin-Yee IH, Hsia CC: Incidence and natural history of intravenous immunoglobulin-induced aseptic meningitis: A retrospective review at a single tertiary care center. Transfusion 55:2597–2605, 2015.
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| 24. Bodner, S.M., Morshed, S.A., Peterson, B.S., 2001. The question of PANDAS in adults. Biol. Psychiatry 49 (May (9)), 807–810 PubMed PMID: 11331090.
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| 25. Borcherding BG, Keysor CS, Rapoport JL, Elia J, Amass J: Motor/vocal tics and compulsive behaviors on stimulant drugs: Is there a common vulnerability? Psychiatry Res 33:83–94, 1990.
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| 26. Boseley, M.E., Gherson, S., Hartnick, C.J., 2007. Spasmodic dysphonia in an adolescent patient with an autoimmune neurologic disorder. Am. J. Otolaryngol. 28 (March–April (2)), 140–142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amjoto.2007.01.002. PubMed PMID: 17362824.
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| 27. Bradley JS, Byington CL, Shah SS, Alverson B, Carter ER, Harrison C, Kaplan SL, Mace SE, McCracken GH Jr, Moore MR, St Peter SD, Stockwell JA, Swanson JT; Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society and the Infectious Diseases Society of America: The management of community-acquired pneumonia in infants and children older than 3 months of age: Clinical practice guidelines by the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society and the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis 53:e25–e76, 2011.
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| 28. Brimberg L, Benhar I, Mascaro-Blanco A, Alvarez K, Lotan D, Winter C, Klein J, Moses AE, Somnier FE, Leckman JF, Swedo SE, Cunningham MW, Joel D: Behavioral, pharmacological, and immunological abnormalities after streptococcal exposure: A novel rat model of Sydenham chorea and related neuropsychiatric disorders. Neuropsychopharmacology 37:2076–2087, 2012.
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| 29. Brown K, Farmer C, Farhadian B, Hernandez J, Thienemann M, Frankovich J: Pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome (PANS)-Response to oral Corticosteroid burts: An observational study. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2017 [Epub ahead of print]; DOI: 10.1089/cap.2016.0139.
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| 30. Brown K, Farmer C, Freeman GM, Spartz E, Farhadian B, Thienemann M, Frankovich J: Effect of early and prophylactic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on flare duration in pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome: An observational study of patients followed by an academic community-based PANS clinic. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2017b. [Epub ahead of print]; DOI: 10.1089/cap.2016.0193
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| 31. Browne, H.A., Hansen, S.N., Buxbaum, J.D., et al., 2015. Familial clustering of tic disorders and obsessive-compulsive disorder. JAMA Psychiatry. 72 (Aprail (4)), 359–366. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.2656. PubMed PMID: 25692669.
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| 32. Brynska, A., Wolanczyk, T., 2004. Pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections (PANDAS). A report of two cases. Psychiatr Pol. 38 (January–February (1)), 105–123 PubMed PMID: 15042736.
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| 33. Budman CL: The role of atypical antipsychotics for treatment of Tourette’s syndrome: An overview. Drugs 74:1177–1193, 2014.
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| 34. Burton, M.J., Glasziou, P.P., Chong, L.Y., et al., 2014. Tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy versus non-surgical treatment for chronic/recurrent acute tonsillitis. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 19 (November (11)), CD001802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD001802.pub3. PubMed PMID: 25407135.
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| 35. Calaprice, D., Tona, J., Murphy, T.K., 2017. Treatment of pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric disorder in a large survey population. J. Child Adolesc. Psychopharmacol.(August). http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/cap.2017.0101. PubMed PMID: 28832181; eng.
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| 36. Calkin, C.V., Carandang, C.G., 2007. Certain eating disorders may be a neuropsychiatric manifestation of PANDAS: case report. J. Can. Acad. Child. Adolesc. Psychiatry. 16 (3), 132–135.
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| 37. Candelario-Jalil E, Taheri S, Yang Y, Sood R, Grossetete M, Estrada EY, Fiebich BL, Rosenberg GA: Cyclooxygenase inhibition limits blood-brain barrier disruption following intracerebral injection of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in the rat. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 323:488–498, 2007.
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| 38. Cannell JJ, Grant WB, Holick MF: Vitamin D and inflammation. Dermatoendocrinol 6:e983401, 2015. |
| 39. Casey B, Vauss YC, Chused A, Swedo SE: Cognitive functioning in Sydenham’s chorea: Part 2. Executive functioning. Dev Neuropsychol 10:89–96, 1994a.
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| 40. Casey B, Vauss YC, Swedo SE: Cognitive functioning in Sydenham’s chorea: Part 1. Attentional processes. Dev Neuropsychol 10:75–88, 1994b.
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| 41. Casey JR, Kahn R, Gmoser D, Atlas E, Urbani K, Luber S, Pellman H, Pichichero ME: Frequency of symptomatic relapses of group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal tonsillopharyngitis in children from 4 pediatric practices following penicillin, amoxicillin, and cephalosporin antibiotic treatment. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 47:549–554, 2008.
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| 42. Castellanos FX, Giedd JN, Elia J, Marsh WL, Ritchie GF, Hamburger SD, Rapoport JL: Controlled stimulant treatment of ADHD and comorbid Tourette’s syndrome: Effects of stimulant and dose. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 36:589–596, 1997.
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| 43. Celik, G., Tas, D.A., Varmis, D.A., et al., 2016. Vitamin D insufficiency in a boy with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Pediatr Int. 58 (July (7)), 646–648. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ped.12941. PubMed PMID: 27388777.
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| 44. Cengel-Kultur, S.E., Cop, E., Kara, A., et al., 2009. The relationship between group A beta hemolytic streptococcal infection and psychiatric symptoms: a pilot study. Turk. J. Pediatr. 51 (July–August (4)), 317–324 PubMed PMID: 19950837.
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| 45. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Lyme disease maps. 2016b. https://www.cdc.gov/lyme/stats/maps.html. (Accessed March, 2017).
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| 46. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Lyme disease: two-Twostep laboratory testing process. 2016c. https://www.cdc.gov/lyme/diagnosistesting/LabTest/TwoStep/index.html. (Accessed March, 2017).
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| 47. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Seasonal influenza. Information for health professionals. 2016a. https://www.cdc.gov/flu/professionals/index.htm (Accessed March, 2017).
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| 48. Ceylan, M.F., Selek, S., Zeytinci, E., et al., 2011. A case of myoclonic symptoms after streptococcal infection: possible PANDAS variant. Noropsikiyatri Ars 48 (1), 85–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4274/npa.y5614. PubMed PMID: OS:000289561900016; English.
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| 49. Chang K, Frankovich J, Cooperstock M, Cunningham MW, Latimer ME, Murphy TK, Pasternack M, Thienemann M, Williams K, Walter J, Swedo SE: Clinical evaluation of youth with pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome (PANS): Recommendations from the 2013 PANS Consensus Conference. PANS Collaborative Consortium. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 25:3–13, 2015.
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| 50. Charan J, Goyal JP, Saxena D, Yadav P: Vitamin D for prevention of respiratory tract infections: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Pharmacol Pharmacother 3:300–303, 2012.
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| 51. Chartrand C, Leeflang MM, Minion J, Brewer T, Pai M: Accuracy of rapid influenza diagnostic tests: A meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med 156:500–511, 2012.
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| 52. Cherin P, Marie I, Michallet M, Pelus E, Dantal J, Crave JC, Delain JC, Viallard JF: Management of adverse events in the treatment of patients with immunoglobulin therapy: A review of evidence. Autoimmun Rev 15:71–81, 2016.
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| 53. Chiarello, F., Spitoni, S., Hollander, E., et al., 2017. An expert opinion on PANDAS/PANS: highlights and controversies. Int. J. Psychiatry Clin. Pract. 21 (Junuary (2)), 91–98. S. Sigra et al. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 86 (2018) 51–65, 63 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13651501.2017.1285941. PubMed PMID: 28498087.
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| 54. Chmelik, E., Awadallah, N., Hadi, F.S., et al., 2004. Varied presentation of PANDAS: a case series. Clin. Pediatrics 43 (4), 379–382. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000992280404300410.
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| 55. Clegg HW, Giftos PM, Anderson WE, Kaplan EL, Johnson DR: Clinical perineal streptococcal infection in children: Epidemiologic features, low symptomatic recurrence rate after treatment, and risk factors for recurrence. J Pediatrics 167:687–693, 2015.
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| 56. Coffey B, Wieland N: Tics, anxiety, and possible PANDAS in an adolescent. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 17:533–538, 2007. Cognitive-behavior therapy, sertraline, and their combination for children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder: The Pediatric OCD Treatment Study (POTS) randomized controlled trial. JAMA 292:1969–1976, 2004.
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| 57. Cooperstock, M.S., Swedo, S.E., Pasternack, M.S., et al., 2017. Clinical management of pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome: Part III—Treatment and prevention of infections. J. Child. Adolesc. Psychopharmacol. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/cap. 2016.0151.
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| 58. Costa-Reis P, Nativ S, Isgro J, Rodrigues T, Yildirim-Toruner C, Starr A, Saiman L, Imundo L, Eichenfield A: Major infections in a cohort of 120 patients with juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Immunol 149:442–449, 2013.
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| 59. Cox CJ, Sharma M, Leckman JF, Zuccolo J, Zuccolo A, Kovoor A, Swedo SE, Cunningham MW: Brain human monoclonal autoantibody from Sydenham chorea targets dopaminergic neurons in transgenic mice and signals dopamine D2 receptor: Implications in human disease. J Immunol 191:5524–5541, 2013.
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| 60. Cox CJ, Zuccolo AJ, Edwards EV, Mascaro-Blanco A, Alvarez K, Stoner J, Chang K, Cunningham MW: Antineuronal antibodies in a heterogeneous group of youth and young adults with tics and obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 25:76–85, 2015.
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| 61. Cunningham MW, Cox CJ: Autoimmunity against dopamine receptors in neuropsychiatric and movement disorders: A review of Sydenham chorea and beyond. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 216:90–100, 2016. |
| 62. Cutforth T, DeMille MM, Agalliu I, Agalliu D: CNS autoimmune disease after infections: Animal models, cellular mechanisms and genetic factors. Future Neurol 11:63–76, 2016.
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| 63. Da Silva JA, Jacobs JW, Kirwan JR, Boers M, Saag KG, Ines LB, de Koning EJ, Buttgereit F, Cutolo M, Capell H, Rau R, Bijlsma JW: Safety of low dose glucocorticoid treatment in rheumatoid arthritis: Published evidence and prospective trial data. Ann Rheum Dis 65:285–293, 2006.
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| 64. Dale RC, Gorman MP, Lim M: Autoimmune encephalitis in children: Clinical phenomenology, therapeutics, and emerging challenges. Curr Opin Neurol 30:1–11, 2017.
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| 65. Dalmau J, Lancaster E, Martinez-Hernandez E, Rosenfeld MR, Balice-Gordon R: Clinical experience and laboratory investigations in patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis. Lancet Neurol 10:63–74, 2011.
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| 66. Dalsgaard S, Waltoft BL, Leckman JF, Mortensen PB: Maternal history of autoimmune disease and later development of Tourette syndrome in offspring. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 54:495–501, 2015.
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| 67. Danchin MH, Rogers S, Kelpie L, Selvaraj G, Curtis N, Carlin JB, Nolan TM, Carapetis JR: Burden of acute sore throat and group A streptococcal pharyngitis in school-aged children and their families in Australia. Pediatrics 120:950–957, 2007.
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| 68. Das, A., Radhakrishnan, A., 2012. A case of PANDAS with kleine-Levin type periodic hypersomnia. Sleep Med. 13 (March (3)), 319–320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j. sleep.2011.11.003. PubMed PMID: 22261244.
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| 69. Demesh D, Virbalas JM, Bent JP: The role of tonsillectomy in the treatment of pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections (PANDAS). JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 141:272–275, 2015.
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| 70. Diaz MH, Benitez AJ, Winchell JM: Investigations of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections in the United States: Trends in molecular typing and macrolide resistance from 2006 to 2013. J Clin Microbiol 53:124–130, 2015.
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| 71. Dileepan T, Smith ED, Knowland D, Hsu M, Platt M, Bittner-Eddy P, Cohen B, Southern P, Latimer E, Harley E, Agalliu D, Cleary PP: Group A Streptococcus intranasal infection promotes CNS infiltration by streptococcal-specific Th17 cells. J Clin Invest 126:303–317, 2016.
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| 72. do Rosario-Campos, M.C., Leckman, J.F., Curi, M., et al., 2005. A family study of earlyonset obsessive-compulsive disorder. Ame J. Med. Genet. Part B, Neuropsychiatr. Genet. 136b (July (1)), 92–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.b.30149. PubMed PMID: 15892140; eng.
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| 73. Doshi, S., Maniar, R., Banwari, G., 2015. Pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections (PANDAS). Indian J. Pediatr. 82 (May (5)), 480–481. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12098-014-1641-y. PubMed PMID: 25502585.
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| 76. Elia J, Dell ML, Friedman DF, Zimmerman RA, Balamuth N, Ahmed AA, Pati S: PANDAS with catatonia: A case report. Therapeutic response to lorazepam and plasmapheresis. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 44:1145–1150, 2005.
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| 77. Ellis MJ, Leddy J, Willer B: Multi-disciplinary management of athletes with post-concussion syndrome: An evolving pathophysiological approach. Front Neurol 7:136, 2016.
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